1. The Plant Kingdom includes which of the following groups?
A) Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Gymnosperms
B) Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
C) Protozoa, Fungi, Rhodophytes
D) Algae, Fungi, Animals
2. The main pigment in green algae is:
A) Phycoerythrin
B) Chlorophyll a and b
C) Phycocyanin
D) Xanthophyll
3. Brown algae are characterized by the pigment:
A) Chlorophyll b
B) Fucoxanthin
C) Phycoerythrin
D) Carotene
4. The dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes is:
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Zygote
D) Protonema
5. “Amphibians of the plant kingdom” refers to:
A) Algae
B) Bryophytes
C) Pteridophytes
D) Gymnosperms
6. True vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are first seen in:
A) Algae
B) Bryophytes
C) Pteridophytes
D) Angiosperms
7. Double fertilization is a feature of:
A) Gymnosperms
B) Angiosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Pteridophytes
8. Which group has the smallest gametophyte?
A) Algae
B) Gymnosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Angiosperms
9. The product of fusion of male and female gametes in bryophytes is called:
A) Spore
B) Zygote
C) Sporophyte
D) Seed
10. The main plant body of moss is:
A) Sporophyte
B) Protonema
C) Gametophyte
D) Capsule
11. Which algae is the main source of agar?
A) Ulva
B) Laminaria
C) Gracilaria
D) Fucus
12. The “alternation of generations” is found in:
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Plants
D) Animals
13. The leaves of ferns are called:
A) Fronds
B) Needles
C) Cotyledons
D) Petals
14. The largest group of gymnosperms is:
A) Gnetales
B) Ginkgophyta
C) Cycadophyta
D) Coniferales
15. In angiosperms, seeds are:
A) Naked
B) Exposed
C) Enclosed in fruit
D) Absent
16. The thalloid body is present in:
A) Algae
B) Bryophytes
C) Both A and B
D) Angiosperms
17. Apophysis is a part of:
A) Liverwort
B) Moss capsule
C) Fern root
D) Algal thallus
18. The most abundant plant group on earth is:
A) Bryophytes
B) Algae
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms
19. Hornworts belong to:
A) Hepaticae
B) Bryopsida
C) Anthocerotopsida
D) Pteridophyta
20. Protonema is:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Dihaploid
D) Triploid
21. Bryophytes are restricted to moist habitats because:
A) They lack chlorophyll
B) Fertilization depends on water
C) They are autotrophs
D) They have seeds
22. Macrocystis is:
A) Smallest angiosperm
B) Largest green alga
C) Largest brown alga
D) Smallest bryophyte
23. Resin and turpentine are obtained from:
A) Cycas
B) Pinus
C) Fern
D) Funaria
24. The reproductive organ in ferns is called:
A) Archegonium
B) Antheridium
C) Both
D) Strobilus
25. Main plant body of liverworts is:
A) Gametophyte
B) Sporophyte
C) Sporophyll
D) Antheridium
26. Most vascular plants reproduce sexually by:
A) Spores
B) Cones
C) Seeds
D) Buds
27. An example of homosporous pteridophyte is:
A) Selaginella
B) Pteris
C) Marsilea
D) Cycas
28. Pollen grains are produced by:
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Sporangia
D) Microsporangia
29. Oogamous sexual reproduction is common in:
A) Pteridophytes
B) Angiosperms
C) Fungi
D) Mosses
30. The spore mother cell is:
A) Diploid
B) Haploid
C) Triploid
D) Tetraploid
31. The foundation of modern plant classification was laid by:
A) Theophrastus
B) Linnaeus
C) Bentham and Hooker
D) Darwin
32. Anemophilous plants are pollinated by:
A) Insects
B) Water
C) Birds
D) Wind
33. The ovule in angiosperms develops into:
A) Fruit
B) Seed
C) Embryo
D) Pericarp
34. The sporophyte in mosses is:
A) Epiphytic
B) Parasitic on gametophyte
C) Free-living
D) Photosynthetic always
35. Plants with seeds but no fruits are:
A) Angiosperms
B) Gymnosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Algae
36. Gymnosperms bear:
A) Flowers
B) Naked seeds
C) Fruits
D) Cotyledons
37. The xylem in angiosperms contains:
A) Only tracheids
B) Only vessels
C) Both tracheids and vessels
D) Neither
38. Peristome teeth are present in the capsule of:
A) Moss
B) Fern
C) Cycas
D) Pine
39. Male cone in Pinus bears:
A) Seed
B) Microsporophylls
C) Ovules
D) Pollen sac only
40. Which of these is not a vascular plant?
A) Fern
B) Gymnosperm
C) Bryophyte
D) Angiosperm
41. Plants with gametangia covered by a jacket of sterile cells:
A) Algae
B) Bryophytes
C) Gymnosperms
D) All the above
42. A seed consists of:
A) Only embryo
B) Embryo and endosperm
C) Embryo, endosperm, seed coat
D) Only cotyledons
43. The most advanced group in the plant kingdom is:
A) Bryophyte
B) Gymnosperm
C) Algae
D) Angiosperm
44. The alternation of generations occurs between:
A) Zygote and embryo
B) Sporophyte and gametophyte
C) Ovule and seed
D) Anther and egg
45. Polytrichum is a type of:
A) Liverwort
B) Hornwort
C) Moss
D) Fern
46. Which class of algae is mostly marine?
A) Chlorophyceae
B) Phaeophyceae
C) Rhodophyceae
D) Charophyceae
47. Megasporangium is also called:
A) Ovule
B) Anther
C) Sporangium
D) Prothallus
48. The funaria capsule opens by:
A) Operculum
B) Pore
C) Stomium
D) None
49. Sorus is found in:
A) Algae
B) Moss
C) Fern
D) Cycas
50. Oogonia is found in:
A) Chara
B) Funaria
C) Pinus
D) Riccia
51. The archegonium contains:
A) Sperm
B) Egg
C) Ovule
D) Spore
52. Which is a heterosporous pteridophyte?
A) Lycopodium
B) Selaginella
C) Psilotum
D) Adiantum
53. Haploid structures are absent in the:
A) Fern
B) Gymnosperm
C) Angiosperm
D) None of these
54. Amitosis is seen in:
A) Gymnosperms
B) Bacteria
C) Algae
D) Bryophytes
55. Which of the following is not part of the gametophyte of a moss?
A) Foot
B) Rhizoids
C) Antheridia
D) Leafy shoot
56. Seed habit first evolved in:
A) Pteridophytes
B) Angiosperms
C) Gymnosperms
D) Algae
57. The only living genus of Ginkgoales is:
A) Cycas
B) Pinus
C) Ginkgo
D) Cedrus
58. Pyrenoids are found in:
A) Green algae
B) Red algae
C) Bryophytes
D) Ferns
59. Seta is part of:
A) Fern leaf
B) Moss sporophyte
C) Algal cell
D) Gymnosperm pollen
60. Which plant group never forms seeds?
A) Bryophytes
B) Angiosperms
C) Gymnosperms
D) None of these
61. Ferns are also called:
A) Seed plants
B) Flowerless plants
C) Amphibians
D) None
62. In angiosperms, fertilization occurs in:
A) Archegonium
B) Ovule
C) Capsule
D) Antheridium
63. Brown algae cell wall contains:
A) Cellulose
B) Pectin
C) Alginate
D) All of the above
64. Azolla is known for:
A) Nitrogen fixation
B) Osmoregulation
C) Edible value
D) Source of rubber
65. Apogamy is:
A) Development without fertilization
B) Formation of new leaves
C) Loss of flowers
D) None of these
66. The main function of bryophyte rhizoids is:
A) Absorption of minerals
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fixation of nitrogen
D) Water storage
67. The sporophyll is:
A) A spore-producing leaf
B) A seed coat
C) A flower petal
D) An ovule
68. Pollen grains develop from:
A) Microspore mother cell
B) Megaspore
C) Zygote
D) Anther wall
69. Fertilization in mosses takes place in the:
A) Capsule
B) Archegonium
C) Antheridium
D) Seta
70. Female gametophyte in angiosperms is also called:
A) Nucellus
B) Embryo sac
C) Endosperm
D) Ovary
71. Pointed leaves in moss capsule are called:
A) Peristome teeth
B) Operculum
C) Seta
D) Rhizoids
72. Tapetum is a part of:
A) Pollen sac
B) Leaf
C) Ovule
D) Egg
73. Which of these is NOT a vascular cryptogam?
A) Fern
B) Selaginella
C) Cycas
D) Marsilea
74. Germination of moss spores produces:
A) Protonema
B) Sporophyte
C) Zygote
D) Capsule
75. The largest gymnosperm is:
A) Cycas
B) Pinus
C) Sequoia
D) Ginkgo
76. Which is edible red alga?
A) Gelidium
B) Porphyra
C) Laminaria
D) Fucus
77. Ovules are present on:
A) Stamen
B) Ovary
C) Carpel
D) Megasporophyll
78. Which plant group shows heterospory?
A) Bryophytes
B) Pteridophytes
C) Algae
D) None
79. The dominant generation in gymnosperms is:
A) Gametophyte
B) Sporophyte
C) Protonema
D) Prothallus
80. The nutritive tissue for gymnosperm embryo is:
A) Endosperm (haploid)
B) Endosperm (triploid)
C) Perisperm
D) Plumule
81. Motile sperms are not found in:
A) Ferns
B) Gymnosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Some algae
82. In Pinus, the wings of seeds are derived from:
A) Nucellus
B) Ovuliferous scale
C) Megaspore
D) Cocoon
83. Funaria is a:
A) Liverwort
B) Moss
C) Hornwort
D) Fern
84. Which shows endosperm development after fertilization?
A) Gymnosperms
B) Bryophytes
C) Angiosperms
D) Pteridophytes
85. Elaters help in dispersal of spores in:
A) Mosses
B) Liverworts
C) Ferns
D) Selaginella
86. The function of aril in some gymnosperms is to:
A) Store food
B) Form bark
C) Attract animals for seed dispersal
D) Absorb water
87. Capsule in moss opens by:
A) Decay
B) Operculum
C) Stomium
D) Pore
88. The majority of red algae are:
A) Freshwater
B) Marine
C) Terrestrial
D) Epiphytic
89. Which is NOT a member of Pteridophyta?
A) Equisetum
B) Lycopodium
C) Azolla
D) Pinus
90. Vascular bundles are present in:
A) Algae
B) Ferns
C) Bryophytes
D) Liverworts
91. Peat is obtained from:
A) Moss
B) Fern
C) Cycas
D) Ulothrix
92. True roots are absent in:
A) Pteridophytes
B) Bryophytes
C) Angiosperms
D) Gymnosperms
93. Polyembryony is noticed in:
A) Angiosperms
B) Gymnosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Ferns
94. Siphonogamy refers to:
A) Non-motile male gametes
B) Motile female gametes
C) Fertilization in water
D) None of these
95. Which tissue gives rise to secondary growth in gymnosperms?
A) Cork
B) Cambium
C) Epidermis
D) Mesophyll
96. Prothallus is the gametophyte in:
A) Ferns
B) Angiosperms
C) Moss
D) Bryophyta
97. The smallest angiosperm is:
A) Utricularia
B) Wolffia
C) Azolla
D) Zostera
98. In Selaginella, megaspores germinate into:
A) Microgametophyte
B) Megagametophyte
C) Sporophyte
D) Root
99. Seeds are formed from:
A) Ovule
B) Nucleus
C) Anther
D) Fruit
100. In Pinus, fertilization is:
A) Immediate after pollination
B) Delayed after pollination
C) Occurs before pollination
D) Never occurs